What's the History of Lithium? How Does It Treat Bipolar Disorder? | Dr. Andrew Huberman

And for one reason or another , we don't know why because I couldn't find any report as to why he hypothesized this , but he hypothesized that there was some build up of some chemical in these people's brains that then they would urinate out and that urinating out of whatever chemical was in there would allow them to be more relaxed and not manic . In other words , cade hypothesized that there's a build up of a chemical in certain people's brains that makes them manic and they urinate that chemical out . So eventually he got out of this prison , as we , as we mentioned in 1945 .

What's the History of Lithium? How Does It Treat Bipolar Disorder? | Dr. Andrew Huberman

But it turns out that even though that all seems a little bit loose , it led to some incredible and still important discoveries for psychiatric health . So what he figured out was that the urine from manic patients seemed to be more toxic for these guinea pigs . And he also knew that there are two toxic substances in urine urea and uric acid .

What's the History of Lithium? How Does It Treat Bipolar Disorder? | Dr. Andrew Huberman

And he started doing experiments in addition to seeing patients in his clinic . And what he did is he started to take urine from people who exhibited mania and urine from people who are not manic . And he took that urine and he would inject it into guinea pigs as an experimental model .

What's the History of Lithium? How Does It Treat Bipolar Disorder? | Dr. Andrew Huberman

So he was able to separate the urea and uric acid from people with mania and patients that did not have mania . And he figured out that the urea was the same in both these mentally ill manic patients and the non manic patients . So it did not seem that urea was the compound that was creating these manic episodes or related to manic episodes or held the toxicity .

What's the History of Lithium? How Does It Treat Bipolar Disorder? | Dr. Andrew Huberman

And he took that urine and he would inject it into guinea pigs as an experimental model . And his general observation was that there was something in the urine that was indeed making the guinea pigs more manic if they were injected with urine from a manic patient , right ? The exact measures that he was taking in these guinea pigs wasn't exactly clear .