So let's start with a couple of the things that you've already highlighted . So , smoking , how much does smoking increase your risk of all cause mortality and and the reason we like to talk about what's called AC M or all cause mortality is it's really agnostic to how you die . And that doesn't always make sense .
Um And by the way , that'll catch up with you , right ? At some point that that catches up um high blood pressure , it's about a 20 to 25% increase in all cause mortality . Um You take something really extreme like end stage kidney disease .
And it's pretty significant , it's about three X . So if you compare low muscle mass people to high muscle mass people as they age , the low muscle mass people have about a three X hazard ratio or 200% increase in all cause mortality . Now , if you look at the data more carefully , you realize that it's probably less the muscle mass fully doing that and it's more the high association with strength .
So you're talking about , you know , bottom quarter to the elite for a given age . Um You're talking about five x 400% difference in all cause mortality . That's probably the single strongest association I've seen for any modifiable behavior .
I've heard you talk before about some of the prime movers for longevity and all risks mortality . Um And I'd love for you to review a little bit of that for us .
